بسیاری از مطالب و توضیحات در رشته های فنی و مهندسی همچنان به صورت ترجمه در اختیار علاقه مندان نمی باشد . امروزه استفاده از مطالب به روز و نو لازم و در اولویت قرار دارد به طوریکه اکثریت مهندس ها و افراد متخصص ناچارا از منابع اصلی به زبان علمی عموما انگلیسی استفاده می کنند برای ارائه مطالب نو ، پایان نامه و پروژه ، مقاله و تحقیق و تحصیل در درجه کارشناسی ارشد و دکترا در خارج از کشور و همچنین در داخل .. بنا به درخواست جمع کثیری از دانشجویان و متخصصین در کنار معرفی کتاب های زبان اصلی مطالب و بخشهایی از آنها را در این وبلاگ قرا می دهیم .. امید است که تا اندازه ای نیاز شما عزیزان بر آورده شود و سعی می کنیم در آینده ترجمه این مطالب را با موضوع ترجمه ی... در همین وبلاگ قرار دهیم . در صورت تمایل می توانید ترجمه آن یا در آدرس وبلاگ خود را برای ماارسال کنید تا با نام ومشخصات شما در این وبلاگ قرار داده شود..
مهندس درویشی کارشناسی فن آوری صنعتی .
Just-in-time manufacturing – JIT
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The goal of just-in-time manufacturing is to eliminate any function in the
manufacturing system which burdens the company with overhead, impedes
productivity, or adds unnecessary expense to the customer’s operating system.
The biggest misconception about JIT is that it is an inventory control system.
Although structuring a system for JIT will control inventory, that is not
the major intention of the developers of the method.
Simply put, just-in-time manufacturing means having just what is needed,
just when it is needed. It means inventory and all other job auxiliaries.
Just-in-time is a system approach to developing and operating manufacturing
systems. Many companies have the opportunity to significantly improve
their overall manufacturing performance by taking a total system viewpoint
110 manufacturing methods 195
and integrating and optimizing procedures and processes for the purpose of
preventing waste and inefficiency. The positive results of this effort are reduction
in overall cost of manufacturing and improved company profits through
reduction or elimination of specific types of overhead. The overhead areas will
be most affected by following a total system integration approach involving
functions and processes that have developed to address system-related manufacturing
problems. Many of these functions and processes do not add value to
the product; they exist only to compensate for inadequacies in some part of the
manufacturing system. Eliminating unproductive overhead by identifying and
removing the system inadequacies that necessitate the overhead will improve
profitability in a minimum amount of time and with lowest overall expense.
The term JIT is meant to convey the idea that the three major elements of
manufacturing – capital, equipment and labour – are made available only in
the amount required and at the time required to do the job.
JIT management has the goal of obtaining a competitive edge through the
use of three simple management tools:
1. Integration and optimization. Reducing the need for unnecessary functions
and systems, such as inspection rework loops and inventory.
2. Continuous improvement. Developing internal systems that encourage constant
improvement in processes and procedures.
3. Understanding the customer. Meeting the customer’s need and reducing
the customer’s overall cost of purchasing and using a product.
The philosophy of JIT manufacturing is to operate a simple and efficient manufacturing
system capable of optimizing the use of manufacturing resources
such as capital, equipment and labour. This results in the development of a
production system capable of meeting a customer’s quality and delivery
demands at the lowest manufacturing price.
The goal of JIT is to eliminate any function in the manufacturing system
that burdens the company with overhead, impedes productivity, or adds unnecessary
expense to the customer’s operating system. The five basic principles
in developing JIT system are:
1. each worker or work unit is both a customer and a supplier;
2. customers and suppliers are an extension of the manufacturing process;
3. continually seek the path of simplicity;
4. it is more important to prevent problems than to solve them;
5. obtain or produce something only when it is needed (just in time).
The five basic goals associated with a JIT manufacturing system are:
1. design for optimum quality/cost and ease of manufacturing;
2. minimize the resources expended in designing and manufacturing a product;
196 Handbook of Production Management Methods
3. understand and be responsive to the customer’s needs;
4. develop trust and open relationships with suppliers and customers;
5. develop commitment to improve the total manufacturing system.
The biggest misconception about JIT is that it is an inventory control system.
Although structuring a system for JIT will control inventory that is not the
major function.
The direct cost savings from a JIT materials system are significant in terms
of reducing purchasing, receiving, inspection and stockroom costs. The savings
from these functions alone could be in the range of 30 to 50% of aggregate
operating costs. Material-related costs are reduced in a JIT system by several
means.
1. Reducing the number of suppliers that the company deals with
2. Developing long-term contracts
3. Eliminate expediting
4. Reduce order scheduling
5. Obtaining better unit pricing
6. Eliminating the need to count individual parts
7. Simplifying receiving system
8. Eliminating receiving inspection
9. Eliminating most unpacking
10. Eliminating the breaking down of large material lots
11. Eliminating the stocking of inventory
12. Eliminating excess material spoilage.
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